Several castles stand in and around the Seoul, South Korea, area as monuments to the nation's war-torn history. Despite its tumultuous past, South Korea is a generally safe area and an increasingly popular destination for international travelers for a number of reasons -- not least of which is its towering castles and ornate palaces. Architecture and history buffs alike shouldn't miss the castles in Seoul.
Gyeongbokgung
- Gyeongbokgung is one of the most popular castles in Seoul for visitors -- likely because of its history as the principle palace of Seoul. It was built in the 1300s but has been reconstructed numerous times, the last time in 1865. Near the U.S. Embassy at the end of Seoul's main street, Sejongro, the castle's staff offers tours in English a few times a day, focusing on Korean architecture and royal customs. You can see the principle building -- Geunjeongjeon -- where Korean history was made with court procedures and the crowning of kings. Don't miss the small lake, complete with two small islands, on the castle grounds.
Changdeokgung
- In spring and summer, you can take a self-guided tour with an audio guide of Changdeokgung, a UNESCO world heritage site in the Jongno-gu district of Seoul. Outside of those seasons, only guided tours are available. It's one of the five royal palaces of Seoul, and, according to the South Korea tourism website, it's the best preserved. Like many castles in Seoul, its several-century history is spotted with destruction and reconstruction. The building itself is a classic bit of Korean architecture, and fabulous gardens complement the peaceful environs. Tours run during regular business hours Tuesday through Sunday, but admissions are cut off between one and two hours before closing.
- Deoksugung
- Deoksugung is a product of the destruction of many castles in Seoul. After Japanese invaders destroyed all the royal palaces, the Korean king moved to what was then a villa and turned it into a castle. The castle isn't immune to destruction, though -- it burned down in the early 20th century, but it has since been rebuilt with a combination of Korean- and Russian-style architecture. Located in Seoul's busy Jung-gu district, the castle displays a changing of the guard three times per day, complete with guards in historic garb. You can take a free guided tour every day except Monday, when the castle is closed.
Namhansanseong Mountain Fortress
- The history of Namhansanseong Mountain Fortress -- located only a few minutes from Seoul, in Seongnam City and accessible from the Seoul subway system -- spans more than 2,000 years. The castle has been rebuilt several times, but its current form has been standing since 1621. Having seen several wars, the castle sports bullet holes from the Korean War in its walls. From the western side of the fortress atop the mountain, the only thing between you and the Seoul skyline is a public park and garden. Admission to the facility is free, but the surrounding mountain area is available for hiking only in the spring and fall.
